Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells on systemic lupus erythematosus:a meta-analysis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multi-organ involvement and several typical autoantibodies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells with low immunogenicity that can differentiate into various kinds of cells, such as bone, cartilage, fat and skin tissue. MSC have immunomodulatory and reparative properties through interactions with immune cells. MSC have been used in the treatment of refractory SLE and lupus nephritis patients for more than ten years. Most clinical studies were self-controlled studies and only a few were randomized controlled trials. The objective of this study was to use meta-analysis method to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MSC treatment in SLE patients.@*METHODS@#The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang and VIP databases were searched for published randomized controlled trials and self-controlled studies before June 1, 2018. The search terms included the Chinese and English versions of mesenchymal stem cells, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells [Mesh], systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic [Mesh]. Two authors independently screened the literatures, assessed the quality of the studies and collected data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The endpoints were the SLE disease activity index, 24 h urine protein and complement C3. Meta-analysis was performed with the Revman 5.3 software according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standard.@*RESULTS@#Eight studies involving 213 patients were included and three of the studies were randomized controlled trials with 66 patients involved. The MSC group showed that the SLE disease activity index decreased significantly [standard mean difference (SMD)=-1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.00 to -1.51, P<0.001), the 24 h urine protein decreased significantly (SMD=-1.74, 95%CI: -2.46 to -1.03, P<0.001), as well as the complement C3 increased significantly (SMD=1.28, 95%CI: 0.93 to 1.62, P<0.001). Four studies reported adverse events including fever, diarrhea and headache during the infusion.@*CONCLUSION@#Current evidences showed that MSC could improve the disease activity, proteinuria and hypocomplementemia in SLE patients. Large scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to validate the efficacy and safety of MSC treatment in SLE patients.

Efficacy and safety of valsartan as an antiproteinuric agent in children aged 3 to 18 years with minimal change nephrotic syndrome

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is primarily a pediatric disorder which causes heavy proteinuria hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Most children [90%] with nephrotic syndrome have idiopathic nephrotic syndrome caused in 85% of the patients by minimal change glomerular disease. Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker approved in adults for the treatment of hypertension, heart failure and it may also reduce proteinuria in nephritic syndrome

Objective: The aims of this study are to assess antiproteinuric effect of valsartan in nephrotic syndrome in comparison with propranolol and captopril, and to assess safety of valsartan in pediatric age

Patients and Methods: A case control study was done for 104 patients who attended three pediatric hospitals [The Central Pediatric Hospital, Al- Elwyia Pediatric Hospital and lbn Al-Baladi Hospital] where they were newly diagnosed with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and 38 of them [36.5%] were diagnosed with hypertension from 2006 to 2013 and they were followed up for six months [course of disease treatment]. Data collected in this study included: age, sex, time of diagnosis and blood pressure was measured. Laboratory tests were done which include: measurement of blood urea, serum creatinine, serum potassium, serum cholesterol, serum albumin, hemoglobin level, liver enzymes [serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum alkaline phosphatase] and albumin in urine

Result: Despite comparable reduction in blood pressure among the 3 groups, angiotensin receptor blockertreated group showed statistically more significant reduction in proteinuria [amount and onset after initiation of therapy] than other groups. Drug-related adverse events were minor and infrequent, no patient developed dangerous increase in serum potassium, renal function and liver function parameters nor dangerous decrease in mean hemoglobin level

Conclusion: Valsartan is an effective and safe drug to be used in childhood minimal chang nephrotic syndrom with rapid and consistent antiproteinuric effect even beyond its antihypertensive effect

Doença renal crônica: importância do diagnóstico precoce, encaminhamento imediato e abordagem interdisciplinar estruturada para melhora do desfecho em pacientes ainda não submetidos à diálise / Chronic kidney disease: importance of early diagnosis, immediate referral and structured interdisciplinary approach to improve outcomes in patients not yet on dialysis

Atualmente, é amplamente aceita a definição da doença renal crônica (DRC) que se baseia em alterações na taxa de filtração glomerular e/ou presença de lesão parenquimatosa mantidas por pelo menos três meses. Embora os critérios para diagnóstico de DRC estejam agora bem mais claros, a proporção de pacientes com DRC em estágio avançado vista pela primeira vez por nefrologista imediatamente antes do início de tratamento dialítico ainda é inaceitável. O diagnóstico precoce e o encaminhamento imediato para o nefrologista são etapas essenciais no manuseio desses pacientes, pois possibilitam a educação pré-diálise e a implementação de medidas preventivas que retardam ou mesmo interrompem a progressão para os estágios mais avançados da DRC, assim como diminuem morbidade e mortalidade iniciais. Nesta revisão, discutimos a complexidade da DRC, a multiplicidade de intervenções atualmente recomendadas na sua prevenção secundária e diferentes modelos de prestação de cuidados à saúde, além de examinarmos o racional do atendimento interdisciplinar e a evolução dos pacientes seguidos em clínicas que já adotaram esse modelo.

At present, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is broadly defined on the basis of changes in the glomerular filtration rate and/or the presence of parenchymal damage present for at least 3 months. Although the diagnosis of CKD is now quite straightforward, the proportion of patients with end-stage renal disease seen by a nephrologist for the first time immediately before the initiation of dialysis is still unacceptable. Early diagnosis and immediate nephrology referral are key steps in management because enable predialysis education, allow implementation of preventive measures that delay or even halt progression of CKD to end stage renal disease, as well as decrease initial morbidity and mortality. In this review, we discuss the complexity of CKD and the multiplicity of interventions currently recommended in its secondary prevention, different models of healthcare delivery, and examine the rational and outcomes of patients followed in interdisciplinary care clinics.

Cómo se logra la protección renal en pacientes con factores de riesgo para enfermedad renal / How do we achieve renal protection in patients at risk for kidney disease?

Las acciones que se realicen sobre el sistema renina-angiontensina-aldosterona, la tensión arterial, la proteinuria, el metabolismo de lípidos y glucosa, se encuentran entre las más destacadas de un esquema claramente beneficioso para el paciente con enfermedad renal.

Enfermedad renal crónica: Clasificación, identificación, manejo y complicaciones / Clinical guidelines on identitication, management and complications of chronic kidney disease

The key messages of these guidel ines on chronic kidney disease are: • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem due to its wide distribution, high rate of complications and cost. • CKD is a common condition, its prevalence being about 10 percent, and is treatable if it is detected on time. • A patient with CKD has a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality than of progression of its underlying renal disease. • A new definition of CKD, based on estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and kidney damage, facilitates its detection and management. • CKD is detected with three simple tests: 1) Blood pressure measurement, 2) Detection of proteinuria or albuminuria in an isolated urine sample, and 3) Estimation of renal function (eGFR), based on serum creatinine, age, gender and race. • The CKD risk groups are individuáis with diabetes, hypertension and a family history of renal disease. • The most cost-effective measures are to detect and treat diabetic and hypertensive patients in the community. • Therapy must emphasize the maximal reduction of cardiovascular risk. • The complications of CKD such as anemia and renal osteodystrophy can be identified and treated on time. • Most patients with chronic kidney disease are detected in the community, therefore their initial care must be organized at the level of primary care, along with programs for hypertension and diabetes.

Effects of tuna fish oil on hyperlipidemia and proteinuria in childhood nephrotic syndrome.

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to determine whether tuna fish oil decreased hyperlipidemia and proteinuria in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Five boys were supplemented with both 4 grams of tuna fish oil and placebo in a randomized order for 8 weeks of each treatment separated by 6-week washout period. The results showed no statistically significant difference in serum creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, urine protein and creatinine clearance between fish oil supplemented group and placebo group. Small sample size, low dosage, short duration of supplementation and wash-out period are among the important limitations in this study. Further study should be performed to identify the effects of fish oil on this entity in nephrotic syndrome.

Acción del enalapril sobre la enfermedad renal secuela de síndrome urémico hemolítico / Activity of enalapril in the sequelae of renal disease of hemolitic-uremic syndrome

Los inhibidores de la enzima de conversión (ACE) disminuyen la proteinuria en pacientes con diversas enfermedades renales. La proteinuria es indicador de lesion renal y su persistencia acelera el daño renal progresivo. Evaluamos el efecto del enalapril en 25 niños con proteinuria persistente secuela de Síndrome Urémico Hemolítico (SUH) con fallo renal prolongado en la etapa aguda. Los pacientes fueron seguidos durante x=25.9 meses con aporte controlado en proteinas según RDA. Dada la persistencia de la proteinuria se indicó enalapril con iguales prescripciones dietéticas. La dosis utilizada fue de x=0.18 mg/k/día, durante un período de observación de x=26.84 meses. La proteinuria disminuyó de 63.55 +- 11.05 mg/m2/hora á 9.79 +- 2.06 mg/m2/hora (x+-ESM) p< 0.001. El Clearance de creatinina fue de 80 +- 6.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 pre-enalapril y de 87.9 +- 5.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 al finalizar el período de observación (p no significativa). Todos los pacientes disminuyeron la proteinuria, cada paciente entre el 28-100 por ciento, x=79.93 por ciento (p<0.001). Conclusión: los inhibidores de la ACE son eficaces para el control de la proteinuria del SUH no produciendo cambios en la función renal medida por Clearances de creatinina ni otros efectos colaterales.